In-vehicle wireless communication

ABSTRACT

The embodiments set forth herein disclose techniques for enabling a user device to seamlessly establish a secure, high-bandwidth wireless connection with a vehicle accessory system to enable the user device to wirelessly stream user interface (UI) information to the vehicle accessory system. To implement this technique, a lower-bandwidth wireless technology (e.g., Bluetooth) is used as an initial means for establishing a Wi-Fi pairing between the user device and the vehicle accessory system. Wi-Fi parameters associated with a Wi-Fi network provided by the vehicle accessory system can be communicated to the user device using the lower-bandwidth wireless technology. A secure Wi-Fi connection can then be established between the user device and the vehicle accessory system using the provided Wi-Fi parameters. The embodiments also disclose a technique for enabling the user device to automatically reconnect with the vehicle accessory system in a seamless manner (e.g., when returning to a vehicle).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/883,584, entitled “IN-VEHICLE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION,” filedJan. 30, 2018, set to issue Sep. 24, 2019 as U.S. Pat. No. 10,425,976,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/017,523,entitled “IN-VEHICLE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION,” filed Feb. 5, 2016, issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 9,888,501 on Feb. 6, 2018, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Application No. 62/113,493, entitled “IN-VEHICLEWIRELESS COMMUNICATION,” filed Feb. 8, 2015, the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

FIELD

The described embodiments set forth general methods and apparatuses forwirelessly coupling a user device with a vehicle accessory system,including to enable a user interface associated with the user device tobe displayed on a head unit display of the vehicle accessory system.

SUMMARY

The embodiments described herein set forth methods and apparatuses forenabling a user device to generate a user interface (UI) and wirelesslytransfer, e.g., stream, the UI to a head unit display included in avehicle accessory system. The embodiments set forth herein also disclosetechniques for enabling the user device to seamlessly establish, via asecure, low-bandwidth wireless connection (e.g., a Bluetooth®connection), a secure, high-bandwidth wireless connection (e.g., a Wi-Ficonnection) with the vehicle accessory system. In turn, the user devicecan transfer the UI to the head unit via the established secure,high-bandwidth wireless connection. According to this approach, the headunit is configured to display the UI through a display device that iscommunicatively coupled to the head unit, where the head unitcontinuously outputs an updated UI to the display unit in accordancewith UI information that is provided by the user device. In this manner,the head unit serves as a means for receiving and displaying the UI. Insome embodiments, the head unit has a minimal (if any) role ingenerating content that is displayed within the UI. According to someembodiments, the user device can be configured to include, whengenerating the UI for display by the head unit, a means (e.g., icons)for accessing only a subset of applications that are managed, orotherwise provided, by the user device. For example, the subset ofapplications displayed at the head unit can include a messagingapplication, a phone application, a music application, a radioapplication, a navigation application, and the like. These and othertechniques are described below in greater detail.

This Summary is provided merely for purposes of summarizing some exampleembodiments so as to provide a basic understanding of some aspects ofthe subject matter described herein. Accordingly, it will be appreciatedthat the above-described features are merely examples and should not beconstrued to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter describedherein in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of thesubject matter described herein will become apparent from the followingDetailed Description, Figures, and Claims.

Other aspects and advantages of the embodiments described herein willbecome apparent from the following detailed description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way ofexample, the principles of the described embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The included drawings are for illustrative purposes and serve only toprovide examples of possible structures and arrangements for thedisclosed inventive apparatuses and methods for providing wirelesscomputing devices. These drawings in no way limit any changes in formand detail that may be made to the embodiments by one skilled in the artwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments. Theembodiments will be readily understood by the following detaileddescription in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein likereference numerals designate like structural elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of different components of an examplesystem configured to implement the various techniques described herein,according to some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a high-level sequence diagram of example operationsperformed in order to initiate a streaming session between a user deviceand a vehicle accessory system illustrated in FIG. 1, according to someembodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example low-level sequence diagram of theoperations of FIG. 2, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a table that defines example Wi-Fi parameterscommunicated using an accessory communication protocol, according tosome embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example low-level sequence of operations performedfor automatically reconnecting a previously-paired user device with thevehicle accessory system, according to some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate flowcharts of an example method forinitiating and maintaining a streaming session between the user deviceand the vehicle accessory system, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method for initiating andmaintaining a streaming session between a vehicle accessory system and auser device, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a detailed view of a computing device that can beused to implement the various techniques described herein, according tosome embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Representative applications of apparatuses and methods according to thepresently described embodiments are provided in this section. Theseexamples are being provided solely to add context and aid in theunderstanding of the described embodiments. It will thus be apparent toone skilled in the art that the presently described embodiments can bepracticed without some or all of these specific details. In otherinstances, well known process steps have not been described in detail inorder to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presently describedembodiments. Other applications are possible, such that the followingexamples should not be taken as limiting.

When implementing wireless UI display techniques, it can be beneficialto utilize wireless communication protocols that provide a level ofbandwidth that is commensurate with the resolution and refresh rate ofthe UI. Notably, these two factors, resolution and refresh rate, havetended to increase over time, as processing speeds and displayresolutions advance as new devices are released to the market.Consequently, in some implementations, these advances have rendered somelow-bandwidth wireless communication protocols—such as Bluetooth®—insufficient for providing a smooth and reliable wireless transfer of UIinformation between devices in some implementations.

Thus, it can be desirable to utilize higher-bandwidth wirelesscommunication protocols, such as Wi-Fi, that provide greater bandwidthfor implementing the techniques described herein. However, in somecircumstances, current Wi-Fi implementations may not provide a simpleprotocol for establishing a secure connection between two devices insome implementations. As a result, a user can be required to carry out amanual process that involves, for example, establishing, at a vehicleaccessory system, a Wi-Fi network name, a Wi-Fi network password, etc.,and then subsequently entering corresponding information into his or heruser device. Understandably, this can degrade overall user satisfaction,and can further degrade security, as it is unlikely that the user willregularly update his or her Wi-Fi network name/password to thwartpotential malicious activity.

Accordingly, the embodiments set forth herein disclose varioustechniques for enabling a user device to seamlessly establish a secure,high-bandwidth wireless connection with a vehicle accessory system. Toimplement this technique, a lower-bandwidth (or low-bandwidth) wirelesstechnology (e.g., Bluetooth®) is used as an initial means forestablishing a higher-bandwidth (or high-bandwidth) wireless connection(e.g., Wi-Fi) between the user device and the vehicle accessory system.For example, Wi-Fi parameters associated with a Wi-Fi network providedby the vehicle accessory system can be communicated to the user deviceusing the low-bandwidth wireless technology—e.g., via an accessorycommunication protocol over Bluetooth®. A secure Wi-Fi connection canthen be established between the user device and the vehicle accessorysystem using the Wi-Fi parameters.

Representative embodiments set forth herein also disclose a techniquefor enabling the user device to automatically (i.e., without userintervention) reconnect with the vehicle accessory system in a seamlessmanner. More specifically, the user device can utilize theaforementioned low-bandwidth wireless technology in order to 1)facilitate a re-establishment of Wi-Fi connectivity to the vehicleaccessory system when the Wi-Fi connection fails or has been terminated,and/or 2) receive updated Wi-Fi parameters from the vehicle accessorysystem when aspects of the Wi-Fi network provided by the vehicleaccessory system change.

Accordingly, the foregoing approaches provide techniques for connectinga user device to a vehicle accessory system, and enabling the userdevice to wirelessly transmit UI information to the vehicle accessorysystem. A more detailed discussion of these techniques is set forthbelow and described in conjunction with FIGS. 1-7, which illustratedetailed diagrams of representative systems and methods that can be usedto implement these techniques.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of different components of a system100 that is configured to implement the various techniques describedherein, according to some embodiments. FIG. 1 illustrates a high-leveloverview of the system 100, which includes a vehicle accessory system110 and one or more user devices 120. Each user device 120 can representany form of a computing device (e.g., smartphones, tablets, laptops,etc.) that is capable of interfacing with other computing devices, suchas the vehicle accessory system 110. As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicleaccessory system 110 represents a combination of hardware and softwarecomponents that enable wireless communication sessions, includingstreaming, to occur between the vehicle accessory system 110 and one ormore of the user devices 120. The vehicle accessory system 110 caninclude a head unit 112 that is communicatively coupled to a displaydevice 114, a Wi-Fi access point 116, and a Bluetooth® module 118, amongother components. Similarly, each user device 120 can include a Wi-Fimanager 122, a Bluetooth® module 124, and a display device 126, amongother components. The user devices 120 can communicate with the vehicleaccessory system 110 via wireless communication links 102 (e.g., overBluetooth®, Wi-Fi, Near Field Communication (NFC), Long Term Evolutionin unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U), and/or other links). It will beappreciated that while FIG. 1 depicts two user devices 120 capable ofwirelessly connecting to the vehicle accessory system 110, any number ofuser devices 120 can be configured to wirelessly communicate with thevehicle accessory system 110 without departing from the scope of thedisclosure. Moreover, while the techniques are described herein in termsof Bluetooth® and Wi-Fi connections, the same techniques can be appliedto other combinations of wireless connections, in some embodiments,e.g., using a first, low-bandwidth, secure wireless personal areanetwork connection in conjunction with a second high-bandwidth, securewireless local area network connection. In some embodiments, informationfrom a previous wireless and/or wired connection can be used to assistwith establishing a secure high-bandwidth wireless connection betweenone or more user devices 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110.

FIG. 2 illustrates a high-level sequence diagram 200 of operationsperformed in order to initiate a streaming session between the userdevice 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110 of FIG. 1, according tosome embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, during an operation 202, the userdevice 120 initiates a Bluetooth® pairing procedure with the vehicleaccessory system 110 (e.g., using the Bluetooth® module 118 in thevehicle accessory system 110 and the Bluetooth® module 124 in the userdevice 120). When a secure Bluetooth® link is established between theuser device 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110, an operation 204is carried out, where the vehicle accessory system 110 communicates withthe user device 120 using, e.g., an accessory communication protocol(ACP) over the Bluetooth® link. The ACP can include, for example, theiOS®-based Accessory Protocol (e.g., iAP2). During the operation 204,the vehicle accessory system 110 communicates, via the ACP to the userdevice 120, Wi-Fi parameters associated with a Wi-Fi network provided bythe vehicle accessory system 110 (e.g., using the Wi-Fi access point116). In turn, at operation 206, an in-car notification is triggered viathe Bluetooth® link, which causes the user device 120—specifically, theWi-Fi manager 122 included in the user device 120—to scan for the Wi-Finetwork provided by the vehicle accessory system 110. In summary, and inaccordance with the foregoing steps, a low-bandwidth wireless technology(e.g., Bluetooth®) can be leveraged to provision the user device 120with Wi-Fi parameters and to initiate a Wi-Fi scan for the Wi-Fi networkprovided by the vehicle accessory system 110.

At an operation 208, the user device 120 establishes a Wi-Fi connectionwith the vehicle accessory system 110 using the Wi-Fi parametersreceived from the vehicle accessory system 110. When the Wi-Ficonnection is established, a communication session, e.g., a streamingsession, between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system110 can be initiated, which is reflected at the operation 210. Accordingto one example, the streaming session can involve an AirPlay® streamover the Wi-Fi connection. During the streaming session, the user device120 generates a UI and streams the UI to the head unit 112 via the Wi-Ficonnection, where, in turn, the head unit 112 outputs the UI on thedisplay device 114. According to some embodiments, the UI streamed tothe head unit can include all information required for displaying the UIor a subset of the information required for displaying the UI. The headunit 112 continuously outputs an updated UI to the display device 114 inaccordance with UI information that is received from the user device120. In this manner, the head unit 112 serves as a means for receivingand displaying the UI. In some implementations, the head unit 112 canplay little to no role in generating content that is displayed withinthe UI.

According to some embodiments, the user device 120 can be configured toinclude, when generating the UI, only a subset of applications that aremanaged by the user device 120. For example, the subset of applicationsdisplayed on the display device 114 can include a messaging application,a phone application, a music application, a radio application, anavigation application, and the like. In other embodiments, any otherset of one or more applications can be presented in any arrangement. Inthis manner, the display device 114 can display a rendering of the UI,where the rendering includes the subset of the applications managed bythe user device 120 that are relevant to, or otherwise selected for, thein-vehicle environment.

FIG. 3 illustrates a low-level sequence diagram 300 of a set ofoperations described above in conjunction with FIG. 2, according to someembodiments. Specifically, the low-level sequence diagram 300 beginswith the user device 120 initiating a Bluetooth® pairing procedure withthe vehicle accessory system 110. At an operation 302, the user device120 enters a Bluetooth® inquiry mode to discover devices that supportstreaming services, e.g., the user device 120 can receive and processbeacons 301 produced by the vehicle accessory system 110. According tosome embodiments, the vehicle accessory system 110 is configured tocarry out periodic scans for inquiries and to respond to an inquiryissued by the user device 120 by sending an Extended Inquiry Response(EIR) packet to the user device 120. The EIR packet can include anindication that the vehicle accessory system 110 supports streamingservices. Next, at the operation 304, a Bluetooth® connection setup andservice discovery is performed between the user device 120 and thevehicle accessory system 110. The service discovery can be performed viaa service discovery protocol (SDP). In turn, a list of devices thatsupport streaming services—which includes the vehicle accessory system110—is displayed at the user device 120. A selection of the vehicleaccessory system 110 (e.g., manually by a user or automatically by theuser device 120) causes Bluetooth® pairing to occur between the userdevice 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110, which is reflected atthe operation 306. The Bluetooth® pairing can be performed via SecureSimple Pairing (SSP) using numeric comparison.

In some embodiments, different streams of data (e.g., audio includingmusic and voice calls, video, commands, navigation data, etc.) areprovided during the streaming session. Also, when a streaming session isactive, audio streams associated with different audio devices (e.g.,speaker, headphone, Bluetooth® headset, Wi-Fi, etc.) are switched toWi-Fi and provided over the Wi-Fi connection. However, in someinstances, a particular audio stream may be switched to use a differentconnection (for example, an incoming call may be switched to a headsetvia a separate connection) if so desired by the user.

When a secure Bluetooth® link is established between the user device 120and the vehicle accessory system 110, the user device 120 negotiates andsets up an ACP profile with the vehicle accessory system 110, which isreflected at the operation 308 (and subsequently disconnected at step329). Next, at operations 310 and 312, an ACP communication channel isestablished between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system110, and Wi-Fi parameters associated with a Wi-Fi network provided bythe vehicle accessory system 110 are communicated by the vehicleaccessory system 110 to the user device 120 (via the ACP communicationchannel). These Wi-Fi parameters can be configured to include any numberof parameters and are formatted in a manner that can be understoodbetween the user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110. Oneexample set of Wi-Fi parameters is illustrated in FIG. 4, which depictsa table 400 that defines Wi-Fi parameters that can be communicated usingACP over Bluetooth®. As shown in FIG. 4, the Wi-Fi parameters caninclude a MAC address of the Wi-Fi Access Point 116 (also referred to asBSSID—Basic Service Set Identifier), a network name of the Wi-Fi network(also referred to as SSID—Service Set Identifier), a Wi-Fi security modebeing used, a password for the Wi-Fi network (such as, WPA2-PSK—Wi-FiProtected Access 2 Pre-Shared Key), a channel number being used by thevehicle accessory system 110 (e.g., by Wi-Fi Access Point 116) to hostthe Wi-Fi network, and a Bluetooth® Address (also referred to asBD-ADDR) of the vehicle accessory system 110. In one embodiment, theWi-Fi parameters are mapped to the Bluetooth® address of the vehicleaccessory system 110.

Referring back now to FIG. 3, at an operation 314, a Wi-Fi scan istriggered at the user device 120 when the user device 120 hassuccessfully received the Wi-Fi parameters from the vehicle accessorysystem 110. In one embodiment, this involves an in-car notification (ofan initial pairing) being triggered through Bluetooth®, which in turncauses the Wi-Fi manager 122 of the user device 120 to scan for theWi-Fi network. For the scan, information such as a radio frequencychannel on which the Wi-Fi access point 116 is operating is exchanged sothat directed scans rather than full band scans can be performed, whichcan promote power savings. As full band scans are also time consuming,latency savings can also be achieved using this approach. In someimplementations, information elements can be exchanged, where theinformation elements can include, among other items, an indication thatthe vehicle accessory system supports Wi-Fi, an indication of the radiofrequency band on which the Wi-Fi access point 116 is operating, anindication of whether both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio frequency bands aresupported, an indication of whether internet access is provided, and thelike.

In an operation 316, the Wi-Fi Manager 122 associates with the Wi-FiAccess Point 116 located via the scan using the Wi-Fi parametersobtained at the operation 310. When a Wi-Fi connection is successfullyestablished between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system110, an Internet Protocol (IP) link can be established between the userdevice 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110, which is reflected bythe operations 318 and 320. Accordingly, the various foregoing steps canbe implemented in order to reduce the amount of user input thatotherwise is involved when users are required to manually establish aWi-Fi connection between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessorysystem 110.

Further shown in FIG. 3 is a sequence of operations (322, 324, and 326)including a service discovery by the vehicle accessory system 110 usinga service discovery protocol (e.g., Bonjour®). Specifically, a selectionof (1) a primary vehicle accessory system 110, and (2) a servicediscovery by the user device 120 is performed prior to initiating astreaming session between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessorysystem 110. In turn, at the operation 328, the streaming session isperformed over the IP link, which involves the user device 120wirelessly transmitting a UI to the head unit 112 of the vehicleaccessory system 110, where the UI is output by the head unit 112 to thedisplay device 114.

At the operation 330, when the streaming session has been successfullyinitiated between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system110, the Bluetooth® link provided by the Bluetooth® module 118 caneither remain in an idle mode or be terminated, depending on a number offactors. For example, the radio frequency band in which the Wi-Finetwork operates—e.g., the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz radio frequency band—caninfluence the reliability of the Wi-Fi streaming session when theBluetooth® link remains in an idle mode (instead of being terminated).Specifically, when the Wi-Fi streaming session operates within a 2.4 GHzradio frequency band, interference may occur between the Wi-Fi streamingsession and Bluetooth® traffic (from other devices). Thus, it can bebeneficial to terminate the Bluetooth® link between the vehicleaccessory system 110 and the user device 120 to which the Wi-Ficonnection is being used (especially when other Bluetooth® devices arenot present). When, however, the Wi-Fi access point 116 operates with a5 GHz radio frequency band—which does not typically interfere withBluetooth® traffic—the Bluetooth® module 118 can enter into an idlemode, thereby enabling the Bluetooth® module 118 to remain capable ofestablishing connections with other Bluetooth® components (e.g., aseparate hands-free component).

Accordingly, when a user pairs his or her user device 120 with a vehicleaccessory system 110 of a vehicle for a first time, an initialBluetooth® pairing procedure (operations 302-306) is performed, Wi-Fiparameters are communicated to the user device 120 via the ACPcommunication channel (operations 308-312), and Wi-Fi pairing and IPlink creation is achieved using the Wi-Fi parameters (operations314-320). Subsequently, when the user re-enters the vehicle (inpossession of his or her user device 120) after the initial Bluetooth®pairing is achieved, the user device 120 can automatically—and withoutuser intervention—connect to the vehicle accessory system 110 using thepreviously-obtained Wi-Fi parameters. This allows a streaming session tobe automatically initiated each time the user enters his or her vehicle,which can significantly enhance the user's overall experience.

In some embodiments, the ACP communication channel provides a mechanismfor communicating various messages between the vehicle accessory system110 and user device 120. When a user manipulates any input sources(e.g., jog wheels, touch screens, up/down buttons, steering wheelbuttons, etc.) provided in the vehicle, the vehicle accessory system 110can send appropriate messages/commands to the user device 120 over theACP communication channel, and vice-versa.

In some embodiments, navigation data (e.g., Global Positioning System(GPS) data) can be shared between the vehicle accessory system 110 andthe user device 120. In many cases, the vehicle accessory system 110includes a GPS unit, and the vehicle accessory system 110 is connectedto a robust power source (e.g., a car battery). According to this setup,navigation data can be sent by the vehicle accessory system 110 to theuser device 120 over the ACP communication channel. The navigation datacan be sent to supplement or replace GPS data normally gathered by theuser device 120. Sharing this navigation data from the vehicle accessorysystem 110 to the user device 120 can benefit the user device 120 byreducing requirements on the user device 120 to perform scans to obtainlocation information (e.g., in crowded cities), which can degrade theoverall performance of the user device 120 in various aspects. Sharingthis navigation data from the vehicle accessory system 110 to the userdevice 120 can also benefit the user device 120 by reducing powerconsumption at the user device 120, which can extend the battery life ofthe user device 120. According to some embodiments, the navigation datacan be shared between the vehicle accessory system 110 and the userdevice 120 depending on a communication mode being employed by the userdevice 120. For example, in some embodiments, when the user device 120is communicating with the vehicle accessory system 110 over Wi-Fi at 2.4GHz, navigation data can be shared, whereas navigation data might not beshared when the Wi-Fi is operating at 5 GHz.

FIG. 5 illustrates a low-level sequence diagram 500 of operationsperformed for automatically reconnecting a previously-paired (e.g., aBluetooth® and Wi-Fi paired) user device 120 with the vehicle accessorysystem 110, according to some embodiments. For example, the vehicleaccessory system 110 can initiate a reconnect procedure with thepreviously-paired user device 120 when one or more Wi-Fi parameters (forexample, a Wi-Fi password) of the Wi-Fi network (provided by the Wi-Fiaccess point 116) are updated. In the reconnect procedure, variousinitial Bluetooth® messages (e.g., Bluetooth® inquiry messages) that arecommunicated during an initial Bluetooth® connection and pairingprocedure (illustrated in FIG. 3) do not need to bere-established/re-transferred between the user device 120 and thevehicle accessory system 110. Instead, the Bluetooth® link and ACPcommunication channel can remain intact, and can be used by the vehicleaccessory system 110 to communicate updated Wi-Fi parameters to the userdevice 120. This is reflected by the operations 502-508 of FIG. 5, wherethe user device 120 is provisioned with updated Wi-Fi parameters inconjunction with beacons 501 produced by the vehicle accessory system110.

When the Bluetooth® link is established, and the updated Wi-Fiparameters are provided to the user device 120, the user device 120attempts to establish a new Wi-Fi connection with the Wi-Fi access point116 using the updated Wi-Fi parameters (as reflected by the operations510 and 512). In some embodiments, an in-car notification (of areconnect) is triggered through the Bluetooth® link, which in turntriggers the Wi-Fi manager 122 of user device 120 to scan for andconnect to the Wi-Fi network provided by the Wi-Fi access point 116. Theremaining operations 514-526 of FIG. 5, similar to operations 318-330 ofFIG. 3, involve re-establishing an IP link and initiating a streamingsession between the user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system110. Notably, the foregoing reconnect procedure can also be initiated bythe vehicle accessory system 110 when a Wi-Fi connection is lost betweenthe user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110. In thisscenario, a Bluetooth® link can be re-established, and the user device120 can attempt to reconnect to the Wi-Fi access point 116 using thereconnect procedure.

In some embodiments, the vehicle accessory system 110 can be configuredto provide explicit “out-of-vehicle” notifications to the user device120 to prevent the user device 120 from continually (and wastefully)attempting to reconnect to the vehicle accessory system 110. Forexample, in a first scenario, when the vehicle accessory system 110powers off (e.g., when the engine of the vehicle is shut down), thevehicle accessory system 110 can issue an “out-of-vehicle” notification,which in turn can cause the user device 120 to terminate the Wi-Ficonnection with the vehicle accessory system 110. Notably, as Bluetooth®uses a shorter time window for trying to reestablish a connection (e.g.,approximately 300-500 ms) compared to a Wi-Fi connection (e.g.,approximately 8 seconds), the Wi-Fi manager 122 of the user device 120can be triggered to start scanning for a new Wi-Fi network sooner thannormal. This can beneficially reduce delays that might otherwise occurwhen the user device 120 would transition to join another Wi-Fi network(e.g., when the user drives up to his or her residence).

In a second scenario, an explicit “goodbye” notification can becommunicated over the ACP communication channel, where the goodbyenotification causes the user device 120 to roam to a new Wi-Fi network(e.g., a home network or a work network). Specifically, when the Wi-Fiaccess point 116 shuts down, the goodbye notification is sent by thevehicle accessory system 110 to the user device 120, which triggers asequence of events similar to those that occur in response to anout-of-vehicle notification. In a third scenario, the Wi-Fi access point116 can transmit de-authentication notifications to the user device 120as the Wi-Fi access point 116 is shutting down, which can also triggerthe sequence of events similar to those that occur in response to theout-of-vehicle notification. Thus, any of the first, second, and thirdscenarios enable the user device 120 to more efficiently connect to adifferent Wi-Fi network when the Wi-Fi connection to the vehicleaccessory system 110 is no longer relevant and/or available.

In some embodiments, the vehicle accessory system 110 can supportmultiple user devices 120 on the Wi-Fi network/Bluetooth® link. Forexample, multiple user devices 120 can be supported when the Wi-Fiaccess point 116 operates using the 5 GHz radio frequency band. Further,the vehicle accessory system 110 can be configured to switch betweenuser devices 120 that are within communication range. For example, thedriver and passenger may each operate a different user device 120 (e.g.,user devices 120-1 and 120-2) that is capable of communicating with thevehicle accessory system 110. In some embodiments, the driver's device(e.g., user device 120-1) can be selected as a primary (or preferred)user device 120 and the passenger's device (e.g., user device 120-2) canoperate as a secondary user device 120. In other embodiments a hierarchycan be established using different criteria or no hierarchy may beestablished. The vehicle accessory system 110 can switch between primaryand secondary user devices 120 based on different functions in use,e.g., when the primary user device 120 is selected to stream a UI to thevehicle accessory system 110. In one instance, the vehicle accessorysystem 110 can select the secondary user device 120 (e.g., to playmusic), and can be switched back to the primary user device 120 whendesired (e.g., to check navigation).

Upon entry into the vehicle, both the primary and the secondary userdevices 120 can advertise to the vehicle accessory system 110 (e.g., viaBonjour®) that they support UI streaming. The primary user device 120can receive an in-car notification and connect to the Wi-Fi networkprovided by the vehicle accessory system 110. Subsequently, thesecondary user device 120 can receive an in-car notification and alsoconnect to the Wi-Fi network. In some embodiments, a user device 120selection interface can be presented on display device 114 coupled tohead unit 112 to facilitate switching between the primary and secondaryuser devices 120.

In some embodiments, when the vehicle accessory system 110 supportsmultiple devices, the vehicle accessory system 110 can attempt toreconnect with one or more (or all) previously paired Bluetooth®devices. In one scenario, the vehicle accessory system 110 may attemptto reconnect to the primary user device 120, but may be unable to do so,e.g., when Wi-Fi is disabled at the primary user device 120. In thiscase, the vehicle accessory system 110 can attempt to reconnect to thesecondary user device when Wi-Fi is turned on at the secondary userdevice 120. In a second scenario, when both the primary and thesecondary user devices 120 have Wi-Fi enabled, the vehicle accessorysystem 110 can first attempt to reconnect to the primary user device 120and subsequently successfully connect to the primary user device 120.The vehicle accessory system 110 can then attempt to reconnect to thesecondary user device 120 and subsequently connect to the secondary userdevice 120 as well. The vehicle accessory system 110 can display a userdevice 120 selection interface, e.g., on the display device 114, topermit selection of either the primary user device 120 or the secondaryuser device 120 as the active device and to permit switching betweenthem. In some embodiments, both the primary and secondary user devices120 are capable of connecting wirelessly to the vehicle accessory system110. In some cases, a particular user device 120 (for example, thesecondary user device 120) can connect to the vehicle accessory system110 in a wired manner (e.g., via a USB interface, via an Ethernet USBinterface, etc.). The device discovery, device selection, and initiationof a UI streaming session can be performed in a similar mannerregardless of whether the particular device connects to the vehicleaccessory system 110 wirelessly or in a wired manner. In some cases, acombination of Bonjour® and one or more application programminginterfaces (APIs) can be used for session management (for example,starting/ending the sessions) with multiple user devices 120.

FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate flowcharts 600 and 611 of a method for initiatingand maintaining a streaming session between a user device 120 and thevehicle accessory system 110. As shown in FIG. 6A, the method begins atstep 602, where the user device 120 initiates a Bluetooth® pairingprocedure with the vehicle accessory system 110. As a result of theBluetooth® pairing, a secure Bluetooth® link is established between theuser device 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110. At step 604, theuser device 120 receives, from the vehicle accessory system 110, Wi-Fiparameters associated with a Wi-Fi network provided by the vehicleaccessory system 110. According to some embodiments, the Wi-Fiparameters are exchanged using ACP over the Bluetooth® link.

At step 606, when the user device 120 successfully receives the Wi-Fiparameters, the user device 120 initiates a scan for the Wi-Fi networkprovided by the vehicle accessory system 110. As previously notedherein, the scan can be performed in accordance with the provided Wi-Fiparameters to reduce the amount of processing that is involved inidentifying the Wi-Fi networked provided by the vehicle accessory system110. At step 608, the user device 120 establishes a Wi-Fi connectionwith the vehicle accessory system 110 using the Wi-Fi parametersreceived from the vehicle accessory system 110. When the Wi-Ficonnection is established, at step 610, the UI streaming session betweenthe user device 120 and the vehicle accessory system 110 can beinitiated. For the UI streaming session, the user device 120 generatesthe UI and wirelessly streams the UI to the head unit 112 included inthe vehicle accessory system 110 over the Wi-Fi connection, where, inturn, the head unit 112 outputs the UI to the display device 114.

At step 612, which is illustrated in FIG. 6B, the user device 120determines whether the Wi-Fi connection between the user device 120 andthe vehicle accessory system 110 has failed and/or disconnected. In onescenario, the Wi-Fi connection can disconnect when the user device 120is out of range of the Wi-Fi network provided by the vehicle accessorysystem 110. In another scenario, the Wi-Fi connection can fail whenWi-Fi parameters associated with the Wi-Fi network are updated, buthaven't yet been communicated to the user device 120. In response to adetermination that the Wi-Fi connection has not failed/disconnected, atstep 613, the user device 120 can continue the streaming session.Conversely, in response to a determination that the Wi-Fi connection hasfailed/disconnected, at step 614, the user device 120 can re-establish aBluetooth® connection with the vehicle accessory system 110. Accordingto some embodiments, the user device 120 can receive updated Wi-Fiparameters from the vehicle accessory system 110, which is reflected atstep 616. At step 618, the user device 120 can re-establish the Wi-Ficonnection with the vehicle accessory system 110 using the updated Wi-Fiparameters. Finally, the streaming session between the user device 120and the vehicle accessory system 110 can restart, which is reflected atstep 620.

In some cases, when a user leaves the vehicle and the user device 120 isout of range, the Wi-Fi connection disconnects. When the Wi-Fi accesspoint 116 operates using the 2.4 GHz radio frequency band, theBluetooth® connection also may be in a disconnected state, e.g., whenthe Bluetooth® link was disabled after the Wi-Fi connection wasestablished. In this scenario, when the Wi-Fi connection is disconnectedand there are no existing on-going sessions (e.g., with a different userdevice 120), Bluetooth® can be turned back on at the user device 120.Thus, when the user re-enters the vehicle with his or her user device120, the reconnect procedure is initiated again over Bluetooth® withoutuser intervention, thereby providing a seamless experience to the user.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart 700 of a method for initiating andmaintaining a streaming session between the vehicle accessory system 110and a user device 120, according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG.7, the method begins at step 702, where the vehicle accessory system 110establishes a Bluetooth® link with the user device 120. At step 704, thevehicle accessory system 110 provides, over the Bluetooth® link,parameters associated with a Wi-Fi network provided by the vehicleaccessory system 110. At step 706, the vehicle accessory system 110receives, over the Bluetooth® link and from the user device 120, arequest to establish a Wi-Fi connection, where the request includes atleast a portion of the parameters.

At step 708, the vehicle accessory system 110 establishes a Wi-Ficonnection with the user device 120. At step 710, the vehicle accessorysystem 110 wirelessly receives, over the Wi-Fi connection, a streamrepresenting a UI generated by the user device 120. Finally, at step712, the vehicle accessory system 110 displays the UI on the displaydevice 114 that is communicatively coupled to the vehicle accessorysystem 110.

FIG. 8 illustrates a detailed view of a computing device 800 that can beused to implement the various components described herein, according tosome embodiments. In particular, the detailed view illustrates variouscomponents that can be included in the vehicle accessory system 110 orthe user devices 120 illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 8, thecomputing device 800 can include a processor 802 that represents amicroprocessor or controller for controlling the overall operation ofcomputing device 800. The computing device 800 can also include a userinput device 808 that allows a user of the computing device 800 tointeract with the computing device 800. For example, the user inputdevice 808 can take a variety of forms, such as a button, keypad, dial,touch screen, audio input interface, visual/image capture inputinterface, input in the form of sensor data, etc. Still further, thecomputing device 800 can include a display 810 (e.g., a screen display)that can be controlled by the processor 802 to display information tothe user. A data bus 816 can facilitate data transfer between at least astorage device 840, the processor 802, and a controller 813. Thecontroller 813 can be used to interface with and control differentequipment through an equipment control bus 814. The computing device 800can also include a network/bus interface 811 that couples to a data link812. In the case of a wireless connection, the network/bus interface 811can include a wireless transceiver.

The computing device 800 also include a storage device 840, which cancomprise a single disk or multiple disks (e.g., hard drives), andincludes a storage management module that manages one or more partitionswithin the storage device 840. In some embodiments, the storage device840 can include flash memory, semiconductor (solid state) memory or thelike. The computing device 800 can also include a Random Access Memory(RAM) 820 and a Read-Only Memory (ROM) 822. The ROM 822 can storeprograms, utilities or processes to be executed in a non-volatilemanner. The RAM 820 can provide volatile data storage, and storesinstructions related to the operation of the computing device 800.

The various aspects, embodiments, implementations or features of thedescribed embodiments can be used separately or in any combination.Various aspects of the described embodiments can be implemented bysoftware, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Thedescribed embodiments can also be embodied as computer readable code ona computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any datastorage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by acomputer system. Examples of the computer readable medium includeread-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape,hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical data storage devices.The computer readable medium can also be distributed overnetwork-coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code isstored and executed in a distributed fashion.

The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specificnomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the describedembodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art thatthe specific details are not required in order to practice the describedembodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodimentsare presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the described embodiments to theprecise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill inthe art that many modifications and variations are possible in view ofthe above teachings.

We claim:
 1. A method for enabling a computing device to communicatewith a vehicle accessory system, the method comprising, at the computingdevice: determining that a first connection to a Wi-Fi network providedby the vehicle accessory system using a first set of Wi-Fi parametersfailed and/or disconnected; establishing a secure Bluetooth connectionwith the vehicle accessory system; receiving, over the secure Bluetoothconnection and from the vehicle accessory system, a second set of Wi-Fiparameters associated with the Wi-Fi network; establishing a secondconnection to the Wi-Fi network in accordance with the second set ofWi-Fi parameters; and determining whether to maintain the secureBluetooth connection based at least on a radio frequency band on whichthe Wi-Fi network operates or a Bluetooth connection between thecomputing device and a device other than the vehicle accessory system.2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to detectingthat (i) the Wi-Fi network operates using a 2.4 GHz radio frequencyband, and (ii) the computing device is not communicating, via Bluetooth,with any other computing device aside from the vehicle accessory system:terminating the secure Bluetooth connection.
 3. The method of claim 2,further comprising, in response to detecting that the second connectionto the Wi-Fi network is inactive: initializing the secure Bluetoothconnection.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response todetecting that (i) the Wi-Fi network operates using a 5 GHz radiofrequency band, or (ii) the computing device is communicating, viaBluetooth, with another computing device aside from the vehicleaccessory system: maintaining the secure Bluetooth connection.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to establishing thesecond connection to the Wi-Fi network: wirelessly streaming, to thevehicle accessory system over the Wi-Fi network, a user interface (UI)that is generated by the computing device, wherein the vehicle accessorysystem utilizes at least a portion of the UI to generate an output on adisplay device that is communicably coupled to the vehicle accessorysystem.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the UI differs from a primaryUI displayed on a second display device that is communicably coupled tothe computing device.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the UI includesat least one icon corresponding to an application hosted on thecomputing device.
 8. At least one non-transitory computer readablestorage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed byat least one processor included in a computing device, cause thecomputing device to communicate with a vehicle accessory system, bycarrying out steps that include: determining that a first connection toa Wi-Fi network provided by the vehicle accessory system using a firstset of Wi-Fi parameters failed and/or disconnected; establishing asecure Bluetooth connection with the vehicle accessory system;receiving, over the secure Bluetooth connection and from the vehicleaccessory system, a second set of Wi-Fi parameters associated with theWi-Fi network; establishing a second connection to the Wi-Fi network inaccordance with the second set of Wi-Fi parameters; and determiningwhether to maintain the secure Bluetooth connection based at least on aradio frequency band on which the Wi-Fi network operates or a Bluetoothconnection between the computing device and a device other than thevehicle accessory system.
 9. The at least one non-transitory computerreadable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further include,in response to detecting that (i) the Wi-Fi network operates using a 2.4GHz radio frequency band, and (ii) the computing device is notcommunicating, via Bluetooth, with any other computing device aside fromthe vehicle accessory system: terminating the secure Bluetoothconnection.
 10. The at least one non-transitory computer readablestorage medium of claim 9, wherein the steps further include, inresponse to detecting that the second connection to the Wi-Fi network isinactive: initializing the secure Bluetooth connection.
 11. The at leastone non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, whereinthe steps further include, in response to detecting that (i) the Wi-Finetwork operates using a 5 GHz radio frequency band, or (ii) thecomputing device is communicating, via Bluetooth, with another computingdevice aside from the vehicle accessory system: maintaining the secureBluetooth connection.
 12. The at least one non-transitory computerreadable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further include,subsequent to establishing the second connection to the Wi-Fi network:wirelessly streaming, to the vehicle accessory system over the Wi-Finetwork, a user interface (UI) that is generated by the computingdevice, wherein the vehicle accessory system utilizes at least a portionof the UI to generate an output on a display device that is communicablycoupled to the vehicle accessory system.
 13. The at least onenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein theUI differs from a primary UI displayed on a second display device thatis communicably coupled to the computing device.
 14. The at least onenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein theUI includes at least one icon corresponding to an application hosted onthe computing device.
 15. A computing device configured to communicatewith a vehicle accessory system, the computing device comprising: atleast one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that,when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing deviceto perform steps that include: determining that a first connection to aWi-Fi network provided by the vehicle accessory system using a first setof Wi-Fi parameters failed and/or disconnected; establishing a secureBluetooth connection with the vehicle accessory system; receiving, overthe secure Bluetooth connection and from the vehicle accessory system, asecond set of Wi-Fi parameters associated with the Wi-Fi network;establishing a second connection to the Wi-Fi network in accordance withthe second set of Wi-Fi parameters; and determining whether to maintainthe secure Bluetooth connection based at least on a radio frequency bandon which the Wi-Fi network operates or a Bluetooth connection betweenthe computing device and a device other than the vehicle accessorysystem.
 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the at least oneprocessor further causes the computing device to perform steps thatinclude, in response to detecting that (i) the Wi-Fi network operatesusing a 2.4 GHz radio frequency band, and (ii) the computing device isnot communicating, via Bluetooth, with any other computing device asidefrom the vehicle accessory system: terminating the secure Bluetoothconnection.
 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the at leastone processor further causes the computing device to perform steps thatinclude, in response to detecting that the second connection to theWi-Fi network is inactive: initializing the secure Bluetooth connection.18. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the at least one processorfurther causes the computing device to perform steps that include, inresponse to detecting that (i) the Wi-Fi network operates using a 5 GHzradio frequency band, or (ii) the computing device is communicating, viaBluetooth, with another computing device aside from the vehicleaccessory system: maintaining the secure Bluetooth connection.
 19. Thecomputing device of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor furthercauses the computing device to perform steps that include, subsequent toestablishing the second connection to the Wi-Fi network: wirelesslystreaming, to the vehicle accessory system over the Wi-Fi network, auser interface (UI) that is generated by the computing device, whereinthe vehicle accessory system utilizes at least a portion of the UI togenerate an output on a display device that is communicably coupled tothe vehicle accessory system.
 20. The computing device of claim 19,wherein the UI differs from a primary UI displayed on a second displaydevice that is communicably coupled to the computing device.